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WHEN DRIVING, Clara-Marina Martinez makes a note of any unusu蠶絲皂,al behaviour she sees on the road.
開車時，克拉拉·玛丽娜·马丁內斯會記下她在路上看到的任何异样舉動。
She then feeds these into machine-learning algorithms, a form of AI, which she is helping develop for Porsche Engineering, a division of the eponymous German sports-car company.
然後，她将這些信息输入呆板進修算法，這是人工智能的一種情势，她正在帮忙保時捷工程開辟，保時捷工程是同名德國跑車公司的一個部分。
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Those algorithms are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself.
這些算法旨在發生一個足够靠得住的體系，使汽車可以或许自行駕驶。
Such a fully autonomous car, known in the industry as Level 5, should be able to complete an entire journey without any intervention from the driver, and cope with all situations on the road.
這類全主動汽車在業內被称為是5级程度，應當可以或许在没有駕驶员干涉干與的环境下完成全部行程，而且可以或许應答門路上的所有环境。
But this is proving hard to achieve, and many attempts to do so are being scaled back.
但究竟證實，這很难實現，很多如许做的测驗考试正在缩減。
Last year, for instance, Uber, a ride-hailing service, sold off its unit developing self-driving cars.
比方，客岁，打車辦事公司優步出售了其開辟主動駕驶汽車部分。
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陽萎治療,Autonomous vehicles are touted as being not just convenient but potentially safer.
主動駕驶汽車被吹嘘為不但便利并且可能更平安。
However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, so do machines. And machines are not as quick on the uptake.
但是，正如人們花時候進修若何平安駕驶同样，呆板也是如斯。并且呆板也學得烦懑。
The RAND Corporation, an American think-tank, calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver, a fleet of 100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and cover 14bn kilometres.
美國军師團兰德公司计较出，要開辟一個比人類駕驶员平安20%的體系，一個由100辆主動駕驶汽車構成的車队必需天天24小時、一年365天、行驶140亿千米。
At average road speeds, that would take about 400 years.
以均匀門路速率计较，這必要约莫400年的時候。
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Carmakers such as Porsche therefore accelerate the development process using simulators.
是以，保時捷等汽車制造商利用摹拟器加速了開辟進程。
These teach software about hazards only rarely encountered in reality.
這些讲授软件摹拟的伤害环境在實际中很少碰到。
Dr Martinez and her colleagues employ “game engines”, the programs that generate photorealistic images in computer games, to do this.
马丁內斯博士和她的同事們操纵“遊戲引擎”，即在電脑遊戲中天生真實照片圖象的步伐来實現這一點。
These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive.
這些遊戲引擎用于建立虚拟世界，软件可以經由過程這些虚拟世界舉行驱動。
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Objects in these virtual worlds are assigned their physical characteristics (ie, buildings are hard, people are soft) so that the sensors in ve裁縫機,hicles, such as cameras, radar, lidar (a form of radar that uses light) and ultrasound transceivers respond in the appropriate way.
這些虚拟世界中的物體被付與了它們的物理特性（即，修建物是硬的，人是软的），是以車辆中的傳感器，如拍照機、雷达、激光雷达（一種利用光芒的雷达）和超声波收發器，城市以得當的方法做出相應。
Once the software has been trained, it is tested in real autonomous vehicles by re-creating those situations on a test track.
一旦软件颠末培训，它将經由過程在测试跑道上從新建立這些环境，在真實的主動駕驶車辆长進行测试。
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How quickly, if ever, all this will translate into reality remains to be seen.
這些将以多快的速率轉化為實际另有待察看。
Both regulators and customers will need to overcome scepticism that a software driver really can be safer than a wetware one.
羁系機谈判客户都必要降服软件驱動步伐确切比人脑驱動更平安的猜疑。
From Porsche’s point of view, though, there is one other pertinent question.
不外，從保時捷的角度来看，另有一個相干問题。
Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off what they perceive to be their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those bragging rights away?
斟酌到具有一辆跑車的大部門缘由是為了讓車主夸耀他們所認為的駕驶技術，那末，一款软件褫夺了這些吹法螺权力的版本會有多大的市場呢？
（恭喜读完，本篇英语辞汇量439摆布）
原文出自2021年10月23日《The Economist》Science & technology版块。
精读条記来历于：自由英语之路，仅供小我英语進修交换利用。
【重點辞汇】（8個）
eponymous /pnms/
adj. 與…同名的；以……的名字定名的
scaled back
响應缩減；按比例缩減
touted/[tatd/
adj. 被吹嘘的
quick on the uptake
進修很快，反响很快，理解很快
a fleet of
一队，機群，車队
transceiver/trnsiv(r)/
n. [通訊] 收發器，無線電收發两用機
wetware
n. 湿件；人脑
bragging/brɡ/
n. 吹法螺
【重點句子】（3個）
These teach software about hazards only rarely encountered in reality.
這些讲授软件摹拟的伤害环境在實际中很少碰到。
These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive.
這些遊戲引擎用于建立虚拟世界，软件可以經由過程這些虚拟世界舉行驱動。
How quickly, if ever, all this will translate into reality remains to be seen.
這些将以多快的速率轉化為實际另有待察看。
【重點词根】（1+5個）
transceiver=trans-互换 + ceiv-拿 + -er
词根ceiv-與cap-,capt-,cept-,,cip-,cup- 同源，源自拉丁语 capere "to take, seize, catch."= take, hold, seize, 暗示“拿，抓，握住，理解”，如：
conceive/knsiv/v. 構想, 假想
deceive/dsiv/ v. 坑骗，误导
perceive/psiv/ v. 認為，理解；發觉
captious/kps/ adj. 抉剔的；吹毛求疵的
receptacle/rseptkl/ n. 花托；容器；插座 |
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發表於 2023-2-27 15:37:54
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